Hydraulic system for closing buklhead-doors.



N0.'63|,698. Patented Aug. 22, I899.

.W. B. CBWLES.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSING BULKHEAD DOORS. (Application filed. Apr. 14, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

III 1..

I 13 Q. f mll i a W? 1 N0. 613L698. Patented Aug. 22, I899.

v W. B. COWLES. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSING BULKHEAD DOORS.

\ (Application -filed Apr. 14, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

witmeowo N0. 63!,698. v Patented Aug. 22, I899.

' 1 w. B. COWLES.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSING BULKHEAD DOORS.

(Application filed Apr. 14, 1399.

' (No Model.) 5 Sheets8heet 3 N0. 63L693. v Patented Aug. 22, I899. W. B; COW LES. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSING BULKHEAD DOORS.

(Application filed Apr. 14, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 sneets sheet 4.

9 K I I It 7. d i d,

2 Us d y y 7 V No. 63I,698. Patented Aug. 22, I899. W. B. COWLES. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CLOSING BULKHEAD DOORS.

(Application filed pr 14, 1899 (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 i flw 2 w H w.

iiriirnn hfre'rss WILLIAM BARNUM COWLES, OF CLEVELAND, OHKQ ASSIGNOR TO THE vLONG ARM SYSTEM COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

evossuuo srsreiu eon SLQSiNG sisLai-isAn-ooose.

EEPEGZFICATIUN fonninp; pert oi- Letters Patent hie. $33,658, dated August 22, 1899.

Appiicstiou filed April 14, 1899.

To all whom/1315 may concern-.-

Be it known that I, WIILLEAM BARNUM JoWLEs, ecitizen of the United States, residing at Gleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic $ysconstruct an apparatus which shall be simple,

durable, positive in its action,reliable, and not likely to get out of orderghy moons of t which a series of mechanical devices situated at a distance from the operating-point may be all operated simultaneously in case of an emergency; second, to provides, system in which the power for'operati ng s number of mechanical devices will besnpplieii io the said devices through a fluid-pressure system and will be maintained at a predeierrnined Figure 1 represents a view of the system being omitted.

satin $13,030. names.)

5 $5 of Fig. 4 and looking down end shows. thevalve-cssing in plan. Fig. 6 represents" asection through the bulkhead made by the pianeG 6 of Fig. 4 and looking to the ieftigg and shows thevalve-cssing and operating hand-lever in elevation. Fig. i representsa section through the valve-casing and his contents made by the plane 7 7. of Figs. 9,20 11 and looking in ihe directicnoi .theerrouieleo and inching in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 19 represents a. section through the valve:

casing made by the plane l0 10 of Figs. 7 and 8 and looking in the direction of the arrows, the valves being omitted; and Fig. 13. represents 9, section through the vslvecasing-znade 7o by the plane 11 11 of Figs. -7 and B endioolo ing. in the'direction of the arrows, the valves My present invention is intended as an im-' proven'ient upon theinventions shown in the United States Patents Nos. 564,474, 589,958, 605,399, and 608,838, granted to me 51113121, 1896, September 14, 1897, June 7, 1898, and August 9, 1898, respectively. 'ihis application is more particularly intended to cover certain improvements in the apparatus broadly claimed in my Pstents Nos."$95,339 and 608,838 aforesaid and simplifications in the deiails thereof. i

As-the general idea-of the operation ofthe systein from the central station has been fully described in the two patents last referred to it will be more convenient in the present ape piication first to assume that-there is alow'er or ordinary working pressure normally nisingo ta-ined in the system under which each .sepa- I rate device may be operated at will, whifie aj higher or emergency pressure may be rapidly q transmitted through the system whereby all, the bulkhead doors or other recipr ocatingfie- 3 vices in the systemmay be simultaneously cpl-L, erated from a central station or from anyone of a plurality of main or central stetions :VVith this assumption 1 willfirst explain" the apparatus for operating each door onol hhiilioo sliding device under-both working andeiner 1 "gency pressure, sud will thenfdescrihe"the;

4o connecied to an accumulator for supplying fluid-pressure to the main line and its branches. Fig. 2 represents a central vertical section through the em'ergencycylinder for operating the valve for applying increased pressure,- the scale being enlarged. Fig. 3 represents a vertical section through the emergency-valve for opcratingthe emergency system. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a slidinghulkhead-door. with they apparatus for operating ihe saruo, parts being broken away- Fig. 5 r'cpresenis a section madehy the'plane central station and the means tor shifting from ordinary to emergency pressure or the i 0, described in my Patent N 0. 605,399 aforesaid.

.The door. B has secured thereto the cylinder, 13', into which passes the hollow piston-rod A, fast to'the bracket A, secu red to the bulkhead A. This hollow piston-rod A inelo'ses a smaller hollow rod 'or pipe A, with an au-;

nnlar space between the two for the passage of fluid,v'a'nd this annular space 0 ens into the cylinder B above the piston, (no si1own, while the inner hollow rod A opens into the cylinder B below. the piston. The details of .the piston and the o'penings aforesaid'are fully described. in my Patent No.- 605,399 aforesaid. Thus, as, fully described in that tent; fluid-pressure through the inner holow rodAjFwill force tween the hollow pistori-rod A 'and the pipe A will force the door-upward.-

"Thepipe Aie, connected with the valvecasing D byrueans of the pipe 0, while the annularspace between the pipe Aand ihehollow-piston-rodA' is connected with the valvecasing D by means 'of the pipe 0.

The valve-casing D is-secnred to the bulkhead Apoar the door by means of theears d or in any and its conternts are shown in detail in Figs. 5 to 11, in which the valve-casing D is se'pa; rated b the valve-casing.

The pipe E, leading tothe accu m ulator F nected to the return-pipe II.

Opening into the fluid-pressure chamber- D is the valve-chamberDi, having the valveseat (5, and the passageD having the valve-. seat (Fat its inner end, while opening into the exhaust-ch airibr I),

' p having the valve-seat d, and the passage D", having the valve-seat d. The valvechambers D and D areconnected by the passages d' and d" and the passage D with the pipe C, while the possa es D connected by the passages and pnsimge D with the pipe C.

and D} are bored through the ends opposite to C and d, and the The passages the casing, and 0 may be c0nmooted to'si milar pipes for opening-end closing the door down, while; fluid-pressure through-the annular space'belifting-toes m and m,

other convenient way. This easing y means of the web. D into the two principal chambers D and D, which I shall call the fluid-pressurechamberand the fox.- haust-chamber, and the ends of these chani-l liers are closed by the screw-plugs D and D which plugs permit access to the interior'of' shoulder k shaft M {the collar M (see Fig. 9,}

is the valve-chamber and .D are:

other doors, or may be stopped up, as with the screw-plugs c c. (See Figs. 10 and 11.)

The puppet-valves K and K are mounted in the valve-chambers D aud D res Each of these valves is pressed toward'its seat ,byaspring K',which s' ringis under a tension that-may be reguls by screwing upon the cap K" witlithe val've'e K and K or upon the cap K with the valves K and K. The springs K'also return the shaft M and handles)! and 'N' to. their normal position, the said springs on the valves K" and K being more especially for this purpose, as will be hereinafter described. The cap K is perforated, asst k,-

to prevent back pressure behind the valves K and K. The stems of the valves Kto K' are mounted in sleeves K, screwed into the valve-casing-D. Beyond the valves are the cruciform guide-stems k. Thevalve K has the reduced portion k between the shoulders k and k to engage the lifting-toe m. The -,valve K hasthe head k to engage the liftingt'oem', and'the valves K and K have their stems slotted, as at k""and kl, to' engage the respectively.

The shaft M, journaled in the casing D and in the screw-pings D and D', is provided with collars M and M', mounted in the-chambers D and D, respectively, the collar M having the lifting-toesm' and m thereon, and the collar M having the lifting-toes m and mthe'reon. These lifting-toes are so arranged that before the shoulder k of the valve SK bgings up against the face of the sleeve K,

.t us checking the further. rotation of the v shaft-M, the toe m will bring up against the and will lock the valveKf on its seat, while the toe the end of slot is and lock the valve K on its seats, Fonconven'ienee in journaling-the is made to lit ina recess in this plug D- and is locked against tur' ning on the shaft M in any convehient way, such asthe pin m, engaging in the groove m of the collar or by a squared end, such as ,m, fitting in a corresponding recess iathe collar M. The handle M fits overthe squared end m of the-shaft M, so that the shaft M maybe 'turned from either side of the bulkhead ,AL' The handle Mthas a boss withsector-be'veled gearMt thereon, meshing in th'escctor-beveled gear N on the spindle N, which is jour'naled in the bulkhead and m will bring up against carries on the opposite side of the'bulkhead from the shaft M'a handle N. Thusif either -,of the handles M or N be moved through an angle it will rotate the shaft M through a like angle andwilloperato the puppet-valves by .hand. The angular motion of the handles M yalvee, its will be hereinafter described. 7 The direction of. motion 0! the handles for, say,

and N is limited by the throw of. the puppet- 7 Thus suppose the door B is closed, and it is cencec button or or n on that side of the handle,

1 whereby a-noperator ccnlrnow in the dark in whichdirection to throw the handle. The

Various springs K are set to hold the puppetvalves K to K on their .seais at the usual working pressurcfisay one hundred ondfifty pounds per-square inch.

It will be seen that an operator can. open or close any door by simply turning either of the handles M or N in the proper'd irection.

desired to open the same without disturbing any of the other doors, hatches, &c., in the system. The operator moves the handle iii in the direction of the arrow W in Fig. 6;

' chamber 1) and pipe 0. The sememotion of the shaft lid operates in the exhaust-chain'- bet D to move the valve K off its seat, permitting any fluid below the piston in the cylipder B to flow through the pipe C, the passages I) and d, and the chamber D to the exhaust-chamber Di, and thence through the pipe 11 to the reservoir H; To close the door by hand, move the handle M or ll in thee-pposite direction. This will rock the sheftlli against the direction of the arrows w, and the toes m and 922 will move the valves K and K 0d their seots,while their springs Kfladded to the pressnre,will hold the valves K and K on their seats. This will allow fluid under pressure to pass from the chamber 1) through the chamber D and passages (1 and D to the pipe C to rundown the door, while any il'uid above the fixed piston in the cylinder B will he forced up through the annular space and the pipe 0 and through the passages I), d, and D, and thence through the chamber l) and pipe EL to the reservoir I1. Now supj-cmergency action.

pose the pressure in the pipe E to be considerably raised, *suddenly'or otherwise-say from one hundred and, fifty to three hundred pounds-as for closing all the doors under the The increased pressure transmitted from the pipe E to the chamber D would force backthe valve K" and, flowing into the chamber D", will pass through the this increased pressure would rise through open n'nd,;flowing into the chamber Dfiwould' passages d and D to the pipe 0, and thence to. the lower endof the cylinder B; Any fluid in the'cylinder B feeling theellect of the pipe 0- nnd, pressing on the fluid in the passages D and it, would force the valve K escape through 'thepi'pe II. The pressure in v the passages D and Z assisted bythespring K ,..Wlll keep the-valve K on its seat, while the pressure ,in the chamber I)? also hoops the valve li on its "seat; =1Thne it will be seen; that Iuateriullyincroasing the pressure in the pipe E will cause the doors to close", but withv out eilecting the position of the shaft 11 or i of the handles M or N.

it will be seen that there is no wire-drawing oi. the cmergencypressum through the .valve K nor of the release through the valve CK", as there was in the former arrangement,

to make the emergency closing slow and uncertain. These valves K and K are springscated puppet-valves, which when forced oil their seats by a certain pressure (dependent on the adjustment of the springs K will pop open. to the full lift and stay there until the pressure is reduced much belowthat required to open them, thus giving a positive and full flow to close the door under emer:

gency. This action is obtained by packing the stems of valves: at (7, and making said stems much larger in cross section area than the opening in the valve-seats. Thus when the emergency-pressure once gets into the churnberDand can not on the increased area valves K and'lQnud hold them there during the liberty period. Thus there can be no-escape of pressnre, and therefore this liberty notion is positive and certain. The easy and quick adjustment of springs is an important and novel feature. 'All the valve stems or sleeves are so packed that each spring can be quickly and independently adjusted underpressure, (theonly proper way to adjust, as the adjustment is always laytrial and relative.) The positive and sure return of 'the toes, rock-shaft, and handles to their normal position is a vital matter in the success of I ing in their bearings, and they are absolutely unaffected by variation in pressure (except the slight increase in 'friction on the thrustcollar 1:, Fig. 8, from pressure on end of shaft in pressure-chamber D i The practical difficulties from grit, sediment and foreign substances in the fluid used render it necessary for a successful device whose working faces cannot only be renewed There is Y q-uickly'aud inexpensively, but which are of such a nature as to close tight even when some small foreign substance is caught tween thcnimnl the scat. In this application] those dillicultioc occurring in practice are avoided lvya suitable and novel combination of a com parativcly soft substance, into which pressure accuin ulator of any well-known form,

cylinder and F the ram-cylinder thereof.

stance, a pressure of one hundred pounds to I -about one-half the pressure allowed to pass to the square inch, which latter is the normal plied with fluid through the return-pipe Ii 1ingf-valvcst-tb the cylinder and pumps. A

' pressure isreduced in two steps to the usual workingpressure. When the valve creasing, generallydpubling ighp fluid-pressteam-cylinder,althoughanyothersnitable fluid under pressure, such as compressed air,

through the distributing-main E and its this valve iscloscd the steam entering the of devices. The removable valve-faces are grit will-press a'ndallow the valve to seat tight. The seats are of the raised-lip type, placed in a vertical plane, so that the flow of liquid will constantly wash and-clean them, and so that sediment will fall away from them.

The pressure is maintained and increased and decreased, as desired, by means of the apparatus shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1, wiere F represents a steam or other fluid F being the steam or other fluid pressure This accumulator, with its pu mp or compressor I, may be called the central station or source of power and controlfl hereinafter referred to.

team or other fluid pressure is supplied to the steam-cylinder F through a pipe P from any suitable source. For convenience of description the pipe P and cylinder F will be hereinafter called the steam pipe and maybe admitted to the same. This pipe is preferably provided with reducing-valves p and 1) before entering the steam-cylinder. The first reducing-valve is set to reduce the steampressure to a predetermined limit-as, {or inthe square inch and the second reducingvalve is set to rcducethe steam-pressure to through the first valve, or about fifty pounds.

branches to thc several doors or other devices to be operated, as shown in my Patent No. 605,399 aforesaid. The-pipe II" and valve h are used to fill. the system and for making up any losses from leakage. A branch pipe Pl leads from the steam-pipe .1 bctweent-hc two reducing-valves p p'to the pipe P, thus serving as aby-pass from between the rcducvalve p is placed in the pipe P and when cylinder and pumps must pass through both of .the' -reduciug-valves p and p, where its 135 is open,' the steam will be admitted to the cylinder, and pumps at the pressure with which itlcnves the first'rc'ducinglval vc, thus immediately indesired. The object of increasing or doubling ing' the valve p. .This piston is pushed backsure in the main bland its branches.' It will be obvious that other well-known devices for increasing the pressure may be adopted i! 10 the pressure in the main E in to close all the bulkhead-doors at once, as in case of accident to the ship or in any other emergency, ashes alread been described. 7 5

The valve p is opened or closed by means of an emergency power-cylinder Q, which forms a part of a. primary system similar in purpose to thatdcscribed in Letters Patent. of the United States granted to me July 21, 8c 1896, No. 564,474, but essentiallydificrcnt therefrom, and may be briefly described I! follows: The emergency-cylinder Q contains thepiston Q, mounted on the piston-rod q, connected by the link q to a lever for turnward by means of the spring Q, which spring is adjusted not to yield under the ordinary backpressure in the pipe H of the system,

but to yield under the full working-premium 9o in themain E. The compression of the spring is adjusted by means of the screw-threaded sleeve Q, and the travel of the piston is limited by means of the sleeve .Q', see Fig, 2,) which-is screw-threaded,as at to engage the said sleeve q. The end of the cylinder Q is preferably closed by means of a screwhoad Q. The pipe R from the outer end of the cylinder Q is preferably connected to a cross R, as'shown in. Fig. 2, so thattwo or more emergency-stations may be connected to the emergencypower-cylinder Q. To this cross R} are connected one or more pipes R, each offlvhich is connected to an emo ncyvalve Rh controlled by a hand-lever R The threc way valve R has a passage 1", (see 1 3?. 3,) which may be made to connect either 0 I pipes LR and R, as shfown in Fig. 3, ,ort hc pipes R and R. (Soc Fig.1.) 'lhe gilpo R is connhcted to'the'rcturn-pipe H, w Ie the pipe R is conncctedto the pressure-main E and by itto thc ram-cylinderF', thnsaiways containing thesame pressure as in the latter. vThe gage Sindicatcs the pressure in this pi R, and consequently thqpressurcinthe m n E. It will be evident, if the emergency-valve R be held in theposition shown in full lines. in Fig. 1 and in dotted lines in Fig. 3, that] connection will be established. between the return-pipe ll andmylindcr Q, in which the pressure will not bc-suiiicientto move the pin ton.,Q and-valve 1), and hence-the system will'rcmain under the ordinary working prccsure, (indicated by the gages.) Now if th valve-lever It be moved to the po'sition'shown' I u; in dotted lines in Fig. 1 direct communication will becstablishcd between the pressure-main E and-the cylinder (Liandthe piston Q will 1 be: rosscd back, moving um, valve and ad- IIO mit ,ing increased. pressure ,m-t fi Qliliridcr F' :30 and stcam-pyli-ndc'gsfi thus-{increasing the I pressure in the ra n-cy inder F and pressure.

main E and causing thocmorgoncy aet loplnt' I each door or hatch, as has ulggudybccu comes scribed, The increase of. pressure required to cause the emergency action will he indicsted on the gage S. l In order to provide for accidents to the sys- 5 tom or to on part thereof, whereby the motion of one or more doors is effected, I provlde means foroperstiug each door by'hand,

4 which will now be described I Trepreseutsen ordinary hendpumpof any is suitable construction bolted to the bulkhead A and operated by handle T, which steps in the reciprocating socket ti, When not in use, this handle is preferablyheld' in clips stone side of the door-frame, as shown in :5 4. The pipe U delivers fluid under pres sure from the pump '1 to the chamber D of the valve-casing 1), while this fluid so deliw ered is drawn through the pipe U from the reservoir H, By turnir the handle in the 2s proper position for opel lug or closing and operating the pump the door may be raised or lowered by hand irrespective of the operation of the rest of the system. During this action the check velve e' in the pipe E, Fig. 25 4,'c'oufinos the pressure from hand-pumps to the chamber D 1 Thus it will be seen that all thedoor's, hetchesor the like may he op.

erstedsiinultaneously by the simple movement of e hand-levels some central point or from any one or several "c ntrel points,while each door or hatch umy eiweys he opened or closed by itself; by simply turning e'hendle without affecting the other doors,,h2itches,or "the like in the systems" ifhus a men itcprifi- 5 cued in a water-tight compartment mil open his door and escape by simply to rning hemileve'r, the door closing. egein automatically after liislibermiou, while every other door or latch on the ship is jean med tight. The same c o ricer may be opened an indefinite number of Jtim'es to permitthe escape of a large number 06 men, and yet trill close a utomsticsllywhenever the hand-lever is released. This entry rustic elosiu'g will continue as long are the i5 emergeuoypressure is on. Moreorergeecli door or hatch may he opened orciosed by hami power should the connection from the lluiG-pressure main be broken, as by an encmys shell or from any other cause. s

by a single fluid-pressure pipe,i intend that tlie lici .l-pi'cssui'e main andi'eturn-pipe H? shall have it uu'mhcroi branch pipes, such as e and @171" and W, respeciively,in F I, each connected to :i. door or olher device to be opera-ted. i

While this specification end drawings represent the invention as applied to bull (heed doors, it will be understood that those were 50 selected as the particular form of reciprocal;-

ing device to which the invention is probftbly most applicable; but lhe srunc idea may be applied to closing doors in tunnels or drift-s oi" mines, to closing hatches, elevator-wells, 5 mull passages in warehouses and the like, to (1k 9; nirqmsscgcs in fireproof buildings, to simultaneously operating fire-curtains While I have shown a single door ogereted audop'euiug ellexits in theaters, end'to a great variety of purposes where it is desired to supply a. ystcm forsim ulL-aneously closing a number of doors and yet permitting the se'parate open ing and closing of each particular door without affecting the others in the system. I

It will be obvious that the herein-described system and apparatus may be operated by either hydraulic or'pneumatic fluid-pressure, and it is my purpose not to limit myself to the use of any particular kind of fluid-pressure.

It will be obvious that a great inauymodification's might be made in the herein-described apparatus which could be used without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pet out of the United States, is-

in in e fluid-pressure system of the chzrsctor described, the combination with a, fluidpressure main, of an emergeucv-cylinder,wit e piston therein, it valve operated by said pision, mechanism controlled by said valve for increasing "the pressure in said main, handoperated valve for admitting fluid-pressure to said emergency-cylinder, adoor, and pu ppetvalves controlled by the increased pressure for moving said door to the closing position, with additional puppetw'alves to control the fluidfor opening the door, witumeohauism controlled by hand foropera-ting said puppetvslves independently of the increased pres sure, substantially as described.

2. In 2' fluid-pressure system or the character described, the combination with a field pressuremsin, of an emergency-cylimien-,with a piston therein, a valve operated by said pistori, mechanism controlled by said valve for I increasing the pressure in said main, a, door end at cylinder and piston for'movmg said door,-end spring-seated puppet-valves coutroiling the supply of fluid.- to seidcylinder, V

one operated by increase of pressure for closing the door, with independent means opersled ii'y imnd fortripping said valves, substantially as described.

In at hind-pressure systemo'f the character described, the combiuetion with a. fluidpressure 1. sin, of an emergency-cylinder,with a piston therein, a valve operated by said pistoo, mechenism controlled by said valve for increasing the press'ureiu said main, a door, pipes for fluid-pressure, puppet-valves opereted by the increased p cssure for admitting ii hid through snid'pi pee sud closing said door with independent memes operated byhuud for lifting said puppetwalves and thus moving said door, substantially as described.

4. In a liuid-pressure system of the character described, the combination with a fluidpressure main, of an emagency-cylinder,with it piston-therein, a valve operated by said piston, ll'liBCillliliSill controlled by said valve for incl-erasing the pressure in said main, a door, pipes for liuiltprossurc, piq'ipet-vai'ves opera-ted by the increased pressure for admitv ting fluid'throngh-said pipes and closingsaid door, a rock-shaft having toes engaging said puppet-valves, anda hand-lever on said rockshaft, substantially as described.

5. In a fluid-pressure system of the character described, the combination with a fluidpressure main, of an em ergency-cylinder,with

a piston therein, a valve operated by said piston, mechanism controlled by said valve for increasing the pressure in said main, a door, pipes for fiuid-pressure, puppet-valves operated by the increased pressure for admitting fluid through said pipes and moving said door, a rock-shaft having toes engagingsaid puppetvalves, ahand-leverand a sector beveled ear carried by said rock-shaft, a counter-shaft aving asector'beveled gear meshinglwith that on the rock-shaft, and projectin t rough the bulkhead, and a second hand-lever on the end of this counter-shaft and on the opposite side of the bulkhead from the first, substantially as described.-

6. In an emergency system of the character described, the combination with a fluid-pressure main and means for sudden] increasing the pressure in said main when esired, of a doorand'a cylinder and piston for moving said door, and spring-seated puppet-valves controlling the supply .0! fluid to said cylinscri 7. In a fluid-pressure system of the characder, and operated by'lncroase' of pressure, with independent moans operated byhand for groigping said valves, substantially as deter described-,- the combination with a fluidpressure main and means for suddenly in- .for admitting fluid throughsaid p'lpos ng' creasing the pressure insaid main'when desired, of a door, pipes for fluid-pressure, puppet-"valves operated by the increased pressure petvalves operated by theincreased pressure for-admitting fluid through said pipes and movingsaid door, a rock shaft having toes engaging said puppet-valves, and a hand-lever on said rock-shaft, substantially as de-' scribed. i

9. In a fluid-pressure system of the character described, the combination with a fluid- 'pressure main and-means for suddenly in-- creasing the pressure in said main when dosired, of a door, pipes for fluid-pressure, puppet-valves operated by the increased press ng moving said door, a rock-shaftliav toes engaging said pup t-vaives, a hand-lever and asectm bevele( gearcarried by said rock- 'shai't, a counter-shaft, having a sector beveled gear moshing with that on thorock-shai' t.

' t1idpressure main, pup

.' valve-casing into said cy senses and projecting tlzrough the bulkhead, and a second hand-leveron the end of this counter. shaft and on the opposite side of the bulkhead from the first, substantially as described. a

10, A fluid-pressure system for operating bulkhead-doors and the like, com using an.

accumulator, with means for so denly increasing the pressure in said accumulator, o! a fluid-pressure main leading from said accumulator, a valve-casing connected to said fluid-pressure main, puppet-valves mounted in said casing, means for moving said puppetvalves either byhand or by increased pres-,

vsure, a cylinder and piston for operating the door, and pipes leading from said valve'car. ing into said cylinder, respectively above'aud below the piston,s'nbet antialiy as and for tho purposes described. v

11. A fluid-pressure system for 0 rating bulkhead-doors and the like, comprising an accumulator, with means for suddeniy increasing the pressure in saidaccumulator, of 0 a fluid pre'ssure mainleadlng from said accumulator, a valve-casing connected to said t-vaives mounted i said casing and nor'mal yheld on theirseats by springs but yielding tothe increased pres- .sure,independent means for moving said pu ppet-valves by hand, acylinder'and lstonfior operating the door; and pipes] ing from said valve-casing into said cylinder, res

tively above and below the piston, shbs nloo tially as described.

12. A fluid-pressure system foropera'tlng bulkhead-doors and the like, com rising an accumulator, with means for an denly increasing the pressure in saidaocumnlator, 0! [e5 a fluid-pressure main leading Irom said accumulator, a valve-casing connected to said fluid-pressure main, pu

in said casingand norm y-held on their seats by eprings,but yielding to the increased press- 10 sure, independent means for movin said pup petvalves by hand and o rative on th sides of the bulkhead, a cylin er and piston for opd 7,

ng from so era-ting the door, and pipes lead valve-casing into said cylinder, respectively;

above and below the piston,- substantially as described.

13. A fluid-pressure system'fos bulkhead-doors and thelike con r atiug ing an accumulator, with means for so denly inm,

creasing the pressure in said accumulator .of a fluid-pressure main, s valvecaslng divided into two chambers that is a fluid-pressure chamber, and an exhaust-chamber, double passages opening into each chamber, a pair :25

of puppet-valves .in' chamber. and normally pressed on. their seats byspriugs and controlling said yielding. to the increased pressure for cl the door, with ind'ependentmeaus opera r 0 by hand for simultaneously lifting one o! the vsivesin each ohambsascy inderan'd piston I for moving the door pi in from said t-valves mounted ,,two of said valvg i indcr at one side cl passages opening into each "chamber; puppetvalves controlling said passages, e, rock-shaftsenses seidpiston, and another pipe lending from said valvescasing into eeid cylinderet the other side of said piston, substantially as described;

14. A fluid-pressure system for operating buIkheaG-doorsand the like, comprising an accumulator, with means for suddenly increasing the pressure in sold accumulator, of a fluid-pressure main, a valve-casing divided into two chambers that is-u-fiuid-pressure chamber, and an exhaust-"chamber, double passages opening into each chamber, a pair of puppet-valves in each chamber" and normally pressed on their seats by springs and controlling said passages, two'oi' ssidvslves yielding to the increased pressure for closing the door,.with independent moons operated by hand and from each side of the bulkhead, for simultaneously lifting one of the valves in each chamber, 2. cylinder and piston for moving the door, a pipe, leading from said Volvo-casing into said cylinder at one side of said piston, and another pipe leading from said valve-casing into said cylinder at the other side of said piston, substantially ss described.

15. A fluid-pressure system for operating bulkhead-doors and the like, comprising an accumulator, with means for suddenly in' creasing the pressure in seidaccumulstor, of a fluid-pressure main, st valve-casing divided into two chambers, that is s iiuid-'pressure chamber, and an exhaust-chamber, double passages opening into each chem her, buppetvslves con trolling said passages, a rock' shaft with lifting-toes for openin one or" each pair of said valves in each chain or, e. bend-lever for rocking ssid rock-sh'aft,s cylinder piston for movingthedoor, a, pipe leading from said valve-casing intoseid cylinder at one side of said piston and another pipe lead ing from said valve-casing. into said cylinder at the other side of said piston, substantially es described.

16. -A huid-pressuresystem for operating bulkhead-doors and the like,comprisi n g an uccumulator, with means for suddenly increasing the pressure in said accumulator, of n fluid-pressure main, a valve-casing divided into two chambers, that is a fluid-pressure chamber, and an exhaust-chamber, double with lifting-toes for opening one of each pair of said valves in each chamber, sinned-lever for rocking said rock-shaft, a counter-shaft gearing with said rock'ehnft and projecting through the'bulkheed, a, hand-lever on the said counter-shaft on the opposite side of the bulkhead from the first hand-lever, at cylin der and piston for moving the door, it pipe leading from said valve-casing into said cylinder at one side of said piston, and another pipe leading from said valve-casing into said cylinder at the other side of said piston, substuniislly as described.

17. A fluid-pressure system for operating bulkhead-doors and the likQ-compfisinghn accumnlz tor, with means for suddeniyincreas- 4 for rockings'sid rook-shaft, a. cylinder and piston for moving the door, a

the other valves on its pipe leading from said valve-casing to said cylinder at one leading from said velvecasing der at the other side of tinlly as described.

18. A fluid-pressure system for operating bulkhead-doors and the like,comprisingsn accalculator, with, means foiisuddenly increasing the pressure in said itccumulntonof a to said cylinsaid piston, substanside of said piston, and s nine fluid-pressure mcimu valve-casing divided into two chambers that iss. ifiuid-pressure chamber, and an exhaust-chamber, (1011111095 passages opening-into each valves provided with elongated slots in stems :ind controlling said. passages, adjust-* able springshoiding ssid val es on theii' sen s under norlnslv pressures, to of said valves yielding to increased pressure for closingthc chamber, pu p'peh their loc' door, a rock-shaft with lifting-toes projcctinginto cold elongated slots, for opening one of each pair of said valves in-esch chum her, and for holding one of the other valves on itsseat, e henddever for rockingsnid roch-shcft,a cylinder and piston for moving the door, a. pipe leading from said vnlve-cohiug to said cyli-n der at one side of pipe leading ironies-id valve-nosing to said cylinder at the other side oi said piston, substnntielly us described.

l9. Ailuid-press'ure system for operating bulkheud-dooisnnd the like, comprising an accumulator, with means for suddenly iucreasing the pressure in said accumulator, ofe fluid-pressure main, st valve-curling divided into two chambers, u fluid-pressure chamber, end on exhaust-chamber, double passages opening into such chamber, nugget-valves normally pressed on their seats and controlling snid passages, s rock-shef t with liftingtees for opening one of each pair of sold valves in each chamber, and for holding one of the other valves on its sent, ahsnddever for rocking said rock-shaft, a cylinder and piston for moving the door, spipe leading from said velve-cssin'into said cylinder at one side of said piston, and another pipe leading from said vslve-casing-into said cylinder at the other of said piston, with s hand-pump and a ripe l. i,l8l6fl0iil for deliveringfiuid under breseurc to said il'uid lpressure chamber, substantially as described.

said piston, and another Ill) IIK

--bulkheud-doors and the lilge, comprising a for moving the door, a pipe leading from said lug-toes for opening'one of each pair of said said piston, and another pipe leading from l of said valves in each chamber, a hand-lever 'said valves in each'clnimber, a hand-lover for side'ot said piston with a blind-pump and a 35 sure to said fluid-pressure chamber, substaiithrough the bulkhead, a hand-lever on said [said v'nlve-casing into said cylinder at one i 7 side or said piston, andanother pipe leading '55 fluid-pressure chnmbeignnd an exhaust-chamber, double passages opening into each cham- 20. A fluid-pressure system for operating valve-casing divided into two chambers, a fluid-pressure chamber, and an exhaust-chum bemdouble passages opening into each chamber, puppet-valves normally pressed on their seats, controlling said passages, in rock-shaft with lifting-toes'for opening one ofeaeh psirof rocking said rock-shaft, a cylinder and piston valves in'each chamber, a hand-lever for rocking said rock-shaft, a cylinder and piston for moving the door, a pipe leading from s'aid valve-casing tosaid cylinder at one side of said valve-casingto, said cylinder at the other pipetherefrom for delivering fluid under prestiallyas described.

I 22.. A flnid-pressnrie system for operating bulkhead-doors and the like, comprising a valve-casing divided into two chamborm'a flnid pressu re chambonsnd an exhsnst'cham ber, double passages opening in toach chamber, puppet-valves normallypressed"on-their seats controlling said passages, a rock-shaft with liftingtoes for opening one of each pair for rocking said rock-shaft, a counter-shaft gearing with said rock-shaft and projecting con liter-shaft on the opposite side of the bulkhead from the rock-shaft, acylinder and pisten for moving the door, a pipe leading from from said valve-easing into said cylinder at, the other side of said piston, with a handpump nnda pipe therefrom fordelivering fl uid under pressure to said fluid-pressure channber, substantially as described.

23. A fluid-pressure system for operating bulkhead-doors and the like, comprising a valve-casing divided into two chambers, a

bet", puppet-valvescontrolling said passage l canoes -adjustable springs normally holding said valves on their seals, a. rock-shaft with lifting-tocs for opening one of each psir of said valves in each chamber, a hand-lever for rocking said rock-shaft, a, counter-shaft-gcnring with said rock-shaft and projecting through the bulkhcsd a handdever on said countershnft on the opposite side of the bulkhead. from the rock-shat t, a cylinder and piston for moving the door, a pipe leading from said valve-casing to said cylinder at one side of said piston, and another pipe leading from said valve-casing to said cylinder at the other side of said piston,- with a hand-pump and a pipe therefrom for delivering fluid under pressure to said fluid-pressure chamber, subslsm tially as describe 24. In a fluid-pressure system of the charucter described, the combination with s fiuidpressure main of an emergency-oylindor'with a, piston therein, a valve operated by said plston, mechanism controlled by said valve fo'r increasing the pressure in said main, 5 door, and a cylinder and piston for moving said door, and two pairs of spring-seittodvslves controlling a supply of fluid to said cylinder, one pair being operated by increase of pressure for moving the door in one direction, with independent means operated by hand for'trippingeither pair of said valvesfor moving the door in either direction, substantially as described.

25. In a fluid-pressure system oL'thecbsnvactor described, the combination with s fluid:

pressure main of an emergency-c linder with a piston therein, a valve opernt ton, mechanism controlled by said valve for increasing the pressure in said main, s door, and a cylinder and piston for moving said door, and two pairs of spring-seated valves controlling the supply of fluid tosaid cylinder, one of said-pairs being operated by increase of pressure forv moving the door in,one direction, with a rock-shsft end tripping-toes o erated by hand tortripping ei'ther pair of sa (1 valves and thus moving thedoor in either (11-.

motion, substantially as described. 26. In an/emergency system of the char,-

by said pie act-er described, the combination with s fluid! a pressure 'mhin, sud means for suddenly increasing thepressure in said main, when desired, of a d'qon'snd acylindpr and pistonfor; moving said door, and two pairsof springseated vnlvs controlling the supply of fluid to said cylinder, one pair of said valves being operated by inc 0 of pr ssure, with independent mennsopersted by hand for tripping either pairlof said valves as may be desired, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix' my signature in presence of two witnesses. r

' WILLIAM BARNUM COWLES. Witnesses:

C. W. Gunrznrr, M. J, Rnrmnrn. 

